Benign operation and sustainable development are the source of confidence in the basic pensioninsurance system of Chinese characteristics.All Chinese are covered by three kinds of basic pension insurancesystem. the system has now entered the reform and perfecting stage, need guiding by scientific and rationalideas urgently, and gradually to be the basic pension insurance system of Chinese characteristics. Firstly, thereis a brief overview of the present situation and problems of three basic pension insurance system. Then perfectthe system, guided by the idea efficiency first and payingmore attention to justice, the idea of efficiency andguidance, through the root cause of the system of the three sustainability challenges namely, low overall level,unclear fiscal subsidy responsibility and obscure transformation cost. Finally, the paper points out that the conceptof fairness priority should be taken, and the gap between institutions should be gradually narrowed.The gradualintegration of three systems will be the future development direction of the pension insurance system with Chinese characteristics.