The Italian national election in April 1948 was an important opportunity for Italian Communists to back to government through parliamentary democracy. To prevent Italian Communists from entering into cabinet again as well as build up and maintain in Italy an anticommunist, pro-American and so-called democratic government, the U.S. government employed National Security Council (NSC) for the first time, made out NSC-1 series files, established its policy targets, guidelines and concrete methods, and eventually set up a pro-American, mid-right-wing state in Italy. In such an intervening process, the NSC played a unique and vital role.